Emergence of Seaweed and Seaweed-Containing Foods in the UK: Focus on Labeling, Iodine Content, Toxicity and Nutrition

Maria Bouga; Emilie Combet

doi:10.3390/foods4020240

Table 2

Common and scientific names of seaweed types, their emergence, iodine content, and derived iodine content in products.

Common Name	Species	Fresh	Dried	n of Products Containing that Species		n of Products with Derivable iodine Content
		Average iodine content (μg/g) *		n	% ^†	n
Fingered tangle	Laminaria digitata	700 [9]	6118 [5,9,29]	5	3	3
Kelp	Median value		1327	20	11	2
Kelp	Laminaria longicruis		1304 [5]
Bull Kelp	Nereocytis leutkaena		407 [28]
Split kelp	Laminaria setchelli		1070 [28]
Sugar kelp	Laminaria Saccharina		238 [28]
Winged kelp	Alaria marginata		151 [28]
Giant kelp	Macrocystis integrifolia		240 [28]
Kombu	Median value		2650	9	5	7
	Laminaria japonica		2380 [5,27,28,30]
	Laminaria ochroleuca		6138 [26]
Hijiki	Hizikia fusiforme		436 [5,27,28]	2	1	1
Wrack	Median value	182	725
Egg wrack.	Ascophyllum nodosum	182 [9]	725 [5]	62	32	0
Bladderwrack	Fucus vesiculosus		504 [5,28]	9	5	6
Wakame	Median value	39	172	21	12	11
	Undaria pinnatifida	39 [9]	189 [5,9,27,28,30]
	Undaria pinnatifida		139 [27,28]
	Alaria esculenta
Sea spaghetti	Himanthalia elongata	107 [9]	117 [5,9,26]	3	2	1
Dulse	Palmaria palmata	102 [9]	75 [5,9,26,27]	14	8	7
Sea lettuce	Median value	16	90	11	6	2
	Ulva lactuca	16 [9]	114 [5,9]
	Ulva rigida		66 [26]
Nori	Median value		21	24	14	7
	Porphyra purpurea, Porphyra tenera, Porphyra yezoensis		11 [27,28]
	Porphyra tenera		34 [5,27,28,31]
Irish moss	Chondrus crispus	61 [9]	238 [9]	1	1	0
Chlorella	Chlorella sp.			4	2	0
Gracilaria	Gracilaria verrucosa			3	2	0
Laver	Median value	15	117	5	3	0
	Ulva pertusa	16 [9]	163 [9]
	Porphyra umbilicalis	13 [9]	80 [9,26]
Pelvetia	Pelvetia canaliculata		243 [36]	5	3	2
Sea belt	Laminaria saccharina, Saccharina latissima			5	3	0
Other Shony Agar Sea fern Japanese moss Grapestone				14	6	1

* Information retrieved from Teas, Pino, Critchley and Braverman [5], Romaris-Hortas, Garcia-Sartal, del Carmen Barciela-Alonso, Dominguez-Gonzalez, Moreda-Pineiro and Bermejo-Barrera [26], Lee, Lewis, Buss, Holcombe and Lawrance [27], van Netten, Hoption Cann, Morley and van Netten [28], MacArtain, Gill, Brooks, Campbell and Rowland [9], Gall Erwan, Küpper Frithjof and Kloareg [29], Nagataki [30], Watanabe, Takenaka, Katsura, Masumder, Abe, Tamura and Nakano [31] and Aquaron, Delange, Marchal, Lognone and Ninane [32]. Iodine content of each type calculated as median when more than one value was present in these studies. Missing data are presented as blank cells. ^† Percentage of products containing the specific seaweed type, based on products that have labelled seaweed type (n = 177).